Looking to inspire your kiddos and discover more about some of the most influential and well-known people in history? If so, our collection of 124 famous women is the perfect place to start! This list is representative of a diverse range of women from different time periods, countries, and fields of accomplishment. Including people like Cleopatra to Amelia Earhart, these ladies will stir up the imaginations and motivation of each and every one of your littles! Jump right in to learn more.
1. Cleopatra
Cleopatra was an extraordinary ruler, skillfully navigating the political landscape of her time to reign as Egypt’s queen. Known for her charm and strategic acumen, her legacy is a testament to her resilience and intelligence. Her influence on history continues to be studied and admired to this day.
Learn More: History Skills
2. Joan of Arc
Leading France during a critical period, Joan of Arc displayed remarkable bravery and leadership. Her efforts during the Hundred Years’ War made her a heroine, and her story continues to inspire people around the world.
Learn More: History
3. Marie Curie
Marie Curie’s contributions to science changed the way that we understand the world. She made groundbreaking discoveries in physics and chemistry, including her work on radioactivity. Awarded two Nobel Prizes, her accomplishments paved the way for future women in science.
Learn More: France In The US
4. Amelia Earhart
Amelia Earhart’s adventurous spirit led her to make bold choices in aviation. Her solo flight across the Atlantic forever symbolizes her spirit of courage and determination. She is remembered not just for her achievements in flight, but also for challenging societal expectations of women at the time.
Learn More: National Geographic Kids
5. Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks made a simple yet profound statement against racial injustice. Her decision to remain seated on a bus sparked a revolution that extended far beyond Montgomery. Her act of defiance continues to resonate as a symbol of resistance and change even in society today.
Learn More: The Collector
6. Frida Kahlo
Frida Kahlo’s art serves as a window into her complex life and emotions. Through her self-portraits, she offered insight into her dreams and struggles. Her paintings remain a vibrant testament to her talent and introspective nature.
Learn More: Respect Ability
7. Anne Frank
In the shadow of the Holocaust, Anne Frank’s diary shines a light on human resilience and hope. Her vivid account of life in hiding educates and inspires readers- emphasizing empathy and understanding.
Learn More: Anne Frank
8. Eleanor Roosevelt
Eleanor Roosevelt was more than a First Lady; she was an advocate and diplomat. Tirelessly working to advocate for human rights and social issues, her voice made a lasting impact and paved the way for future women in leadership.
Learn More: Each Other
9. Malala Yousafzai
Malala Yousafzai stood up against oppression, advocating for female education. As the youngest Nobel laureate in history, her courage and determination resonate globally and her story remains an enduring symbol of resilience.
Learn More: Britannica
10. Jane Austen
Jane Austen’s literary mastery offers a nuanced portrayal of 19th-century English society. Her novels, including “Pride and Prejudice” and “Sense and Sensibility”, provide insightful commentary on human nature.
Learn More: National Today
11. Queen Elizabeth I
Queen Elizabeth I’s rule ushered in a golden era for England and Ireland. Her leadership was marked by wise diplomacy and a vision that shaped her time- making her legacy one that endures in cultures worldwide.
Learn More: RMG
12. Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman’s bravery guided many to freedom during the dark days of slavery. Her spirit and determination revolutionized the Underground Railroad and her actions continue to inspire those seeking justice and equality.
Learn More: KPBS
13. Marie Antoinette
Marie Antoinette’s reign was marked by luxury, controversy, and tragedy, and her life paints a vivid picture of the complexities of French history. Today, her story continues to captivate and educate people around the world.
Learn More: The Collector
14. Indira Gandhi
As India’s first female Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi played a significant role in shaping the country. Her leadership, marked by decisive actions and bold policies, left a lasting impact and has ensured that she remains an influential figure in modern history.
Learn More: History
15. Susan B. Anthony
A relentless fighter for women’s suffrage, Susan B. Anthony’s tireless campaigning shaped the landscape of women’s rights in America. Her advocacy resonates with every vote cast by American women today and her legacy stands as a testament to her relentless efforts.
Learn More: Fox News
16. Sojourner Truth
Sojourner Truth was a strong and wise advocate for freedom and gender equality. Her speeches and insights continue to echo in the fight for justice as her life’s work embodies the ongoing struggle for equal rights.
Learn More: Thought Co.
17. Florence Nightingale
Florence Nightingale’s innovative approaches to nursing and public health transformed the field of care and compassion. Her methods continue to guide healthcare practitioners and her contributions during times of war and disease will forever stand as a beacon of hope and healing.
Learn More: Guide Posts
18. Ada Lovelace
Ada Lovelace’s visionary thinking laid the foundation for computer science. Her conception of the first algorithm marked the beginning of the digital age; ensuring that her work continues to influence the field and inspire future generations of technologists.
Learn More: JSTOR Daily
19. Rosa Luxemburg
Dedicated to revolution and social equality, Rosa Luxemburg’s theories and pursuits continue to spark discussion. Her commitment to workers’ rights and Marxist principles made her an influential figure; leading to a legacy that continues to guide contemporary political thought.
Learn More: BBC
20. Empress Wu Zetian
Empress Wu Zetian broke through traditional barriers to claim China’s throne. Her reign was a departure from tradition and still sparks interest and debate in society today. Because of this, her influence on power and gender throughout history is undeniable!
Learn More: SCMP
21. Coco Chanel
Coco Chanel revolutionized fashion with her elegant and comfortable designs. Her approach allowed women to break away from restrictive norms- leaving a lasting imprint on the fashion world that continues to inspire designers today.
Learn More: Britannica
22. Oprah Winfrey
Oprah Winfrey’s storytelling transcends television- influencing people around the globe. Her platform promotes change and self-improvement, and her impact continues to inspire personal growth far beyond the screen.
Learn More: WHYY
23. Mary Wollstonecraft
Mary Wollstonecraft’s groundbreaking thoughts on women’s rights laid the foundation for feminist philosophy. Her challenges to societal norms continue to resonate with, and inspire, women today.
Learn More: Ethics
24. Queen Victoria
Queen Victoria’s reign marked a time of industrial revolution and colonial growth. Her influence left an indelible mark on Britain and the world, with her era symbolizing the peak of the British Empire.
Learn More: History Extra
25. Harriet Beecher Stowe
Through “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”, Harriet Beecher Stowe amplified the abolitionist cause. Her literary contribution had a profound impact on American history and helped shape the conversation around slavery and its abolition.
Learn More: Poetry Foundation
26. Maya Angelou
Maya Angelou’s poetry and prose are a celebration of resilience, freedom, and dignity. Still today, her works continue to resonate with readers by offering insights into the human condition.
Learn More: Time
27. Simone de Beauvoir
Simone de Beauvoir’s “The Second Sex” challenged conventional norms and expectations. Her philosophical work remains an iconic contribution to feminist thought and her blueprint continues to influence the ongoing conversation about gender equality.
Learn More: The Paris Review
28. Margaret Thatcher
Margaret Thatcher’s tenure as Britain’s Prime Minister was marked by firm resolve and transformative policies. Known as the Iron Lady, her influence on British politics remains significant as her leadership continues to be studied and debated in modern society.
Learn More: CNN
29. Audrey Hepburn
Audrey Hepburn’s grace and beauty extended beyond the silver screen. Her humanitarian work and advocacy for children are a testament to her kindness and compassion.
Learn More: Your Story
30. Helen Keller
Helen Keller’s triumph over adversity inspires awe and admiration. Overcoming the challenges brought about by deafness and blindness to become a prominent author and activist, her story goes unparalleled in continuing to motivate those facing the same challenges.
Learn More: World Atlas
31. Angela Merkel
Angela Merkel’s leadership as Germany’s Chancellor reflects steady governance and a commitment to European unity. Her political acumen and pragmatic approach have earned her respect and recognition. Her influence on modern European politics is profound.
Learn More: Investopedia
32. Mary Shelley
Mary Shelley’s “Frankenstein” revolutionized literature- giving birth to the science fiction genre. Owing to her innovation, she forever lives on as an enduring figure in literary history, with her exploration of ambition, creation, and consequence continuing to captivate readers.
Learn More: Thought Co.
33. Sandra Day O’Connor
As the first female Supreme Court Justice in the United States, Sandra Day O’Connor broke barriers in the legal field. Today, her decisions and jurisprudence continue to shape American law with her historic appointment always being remembered.
Learn More: Time
34. Jane Goodall
Jane Goodall’s dedication to the study of primates has expanded our understanding of human nature and empathy. Her lifelong commitment to conservation and animal welfare makes her a symbol of compassion and continues to inspire environmental stewardship.
Learn More: National Geographic Education
35. Marilyn Monroe
Marilyn Monroe’s beauty and talent captured the hearts of millions. With a story that remains a complex and compelling part of pop culture history, her charisma and vulnerability make her an icon of Hollywood’s golden age.
Learn More: USA Today
36. Mother Teresa
Mother Teresa’s life was a testament to kindness, selflessness, and dedication to the poor and suffering. Her legacy of love and compassion continues to inspire the world as she touched the lives of countless people in need.
Learn More: Word On Fire
37. Boudicca
In ancient Britain, Queen Boudicca led a ferocious revolt against Roman rule. Fueled by her indomitable spirit, she fought for the freedom of her people. Though ultimately unsuccessful, her rebellion left an everlasting impression, and she remains an enduring symbol of resistance. Today, Boudicca is celebrated as a national heroine in the United Kingdom.
Learn More: Boudicca’s Celtic Pub
38. Hedy Lamarr
A Hollywood star with a brilliant mind, Hedy Lamarr’s contributions to science are not to be overlooked. Besides captivating audiences on screen, she also co-invented spread spectrum technology. This invention laid the foundation for Wi-Fi and other wireless technologies. As a genius in both entertainment and science, Lamarr’s legacy still lives on today.
Learn More: The Guardian
40. Hatshepsut
In ancient Egypt, Hatshepsut’s rise to power was unprecedented for a woman. She ruled as Pharaoh and took on traditionally male roles. Under her, Egypt prospered. She expanded Egypt’s wealth through trade and built stunning architecture, such as her temple at Deir el-Bahri. Despite attempts to erase her legacy, Hatphesut is still recognized today as one of ancient Egypt’s most effective rulers.
Learn More: Britannica
41. Georgia O’Keeffe
Visionary artist, Georgia O’Keeffe revolutionized American modern art with her paintings of enlarged flowers, skyscrapers, and New Mexico landscapes. She broke through the male-dominated art world, gaining recognition for her unique style. O’Keeffe’s work continues to captivate audiences today, and she remains a memorable icon in American art history.
Learn More: O’keeffe Museum
43. Zora Neale Hurston
Although Zora Neale Hurston was an anthropologist, she may be most often remembered as a writer. Her most famous work, “Their Eyes Were Watching God”, focuses on the life and struggles of a black woman in the American South. Hurston’s contributions to the Harlem Renaissance and her chronicling of black folklore have cemented her place in American literary history.
Learn More: ThoughtCo
44. Malinche (Doña Marina)
Serving as Hernán Cortés’ interpreter during the Spanish Conquest of Mexico, Malinche played a complex role, both aiding and betraying the Aztec Empire. Her linguistic skills were crucial in facilitating interactions between the Spanish and Aztecs. Today, Malinche is a symbol of both treachery and victimhood in Mexican history.
Learn More: Daily Jstor
45. Benazir Bhutto
A trailblazer in Pakistani politics, Benazir Bhutto was the first woman to lead a Muslim-majority country. Although her governance was marked by challenges, she persevered until her death. Assassinated in 2007, her tragic end does not overshadow her significant contributions. Today, she remains a symbol of resilience and an inspiration to aspiring female leaders worldwide.
Learn More: Nation
46. Clara Barton
After serving as a nurse during the Civil War, Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Her relentless dedication to humanitarian causes changed the way the world thinks about disaster relief. She demonstrated an exemplary model of compassion and care, and her work still inspires people around the world today.
Learn More: CWRT Eastern PA
47. Nellie Bly
In the process of pursuing a dream to write about more than “women’s issues”, Elizabeth Jane Cochran had to assume a pen name, Nellie Bly. Using this pseudonym, she went undercover in an insane asylum and exposed its conditions. Not quite satisfied yet, she took on another challenge and circumnavigated the globe faster than Jules Verne’s fictional Phileas Fogg. Her daring escapades brought serious issues about how women were treated to public attention.
Learn More: NPS
48. Wangari Maathai
As a Kenyan environmentalist, Wangari Maathai taught us about the importance of green spaces. The first African woman to win a Nobel Peace Prize, she founded the Green Belt Movement. Her efforts led to the planting of millions of trees across Kenya. In the face of resistance, Maathai advocated for both environmental conservation and women’s rights.
Learn More: Yves Rocher Fondation
50. Sacagawea
On Lewis and Clark’s famous expedition to the Pacific, Sacagawea was the only woman. As a Shoshone interpreter, she played an essential role in communication and navigation. Not only was she more than proficient in these capacities, but she also managed these feats while taking care of her newborn son. Sacagawea remains an enduring symbol of resilience and exploration in American folklore.
Learn More: National Postal Museum
51. Marjory Stoneman Douglas
A journalist and environmentalist, Marjory Stoneman Douglas was instrumental in the conservation of the Florida Everglades. Her book “The Everglades: River of Grass” changed the perception of the area from a worthless swamp to a valuable ecosystem. She was a tenacious advocate for environmental causes until her death at age 108.
Learn More: Women’s History
52. Emily Dickinson
One of America’s greatest poets, Emily Dickinson lived much of her life in relative isolation. Her unique style and introspection have made her one of the most influential figures in American literature. Delving deep into themes of death, immortality, and human emotion, Dickinson’s works were little known while she was living. Although most of her poems have been published posthumously, her genius has since been acknowledged, and her works are widely considered to be significant.
Learn More: Poetry Foundation
53. Sally Ride
Sally Ride was the first American woman to go to space, breaking new ground for women in STEM fields. A physicist by training, Ride was a mission specialist aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983. Her participation and success were considered a triumph for gender equality. She later founded Sally Ride Science to encourage young people, particularly girls, to pursue science. This has been incredibly influential to all women.
Learn More: Air And Space
54. Rosalind Franklin
An English chemist, Rosalind Franklin played a critical role in the discovery of the DNA double helix. Her X-ray crystallography provided key data that led to the discovery. However, Franklin’s contributions were initially overshadowed by those of Watson and Crick. Posthumous recognition has somewhat restored her place in history, although Watson and Crick are often the more prominent names surrounding this discovery.
Learn More: New Scientist
55. Billie Holiday
Billie Holiday’s voice became an instrument for social change. Her haunting rendition of “Strange Fruit” was a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement. Known for her emotive voice, she left an indelible mark on jazz and pop music. Although Holiday’s life was fraught with hardship, her legacy is one of enduring artistry.
Learn More: Vogue
56. George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans)
With the pen name of Mary Ann Evans, George Eliot was a Victorian novelist whose works explored complex relationships and social change. Her most famous work, Middlemarch, is considered one of the greatest novels in the English language. Evans (Eliot) broke social norms by living openly with a married man, shocking society but never backing down. Her works continue to be studied in psychological depth.
Learn More: The Guardian
57. Golda Meir
Golda Meir was Israel’s first female Prime Minister and one of the first women to hold such an office worldwide. Her leadership during times of conflict and efforts in the formation of Israel mark her as a significant political figure. Meir was also one of 24 signatories (and the only woman) who declared the independence of the State of Israel in 1948. Her grit and wit left a lasting impression on society today.
Learn More: History
58. Toni Morrison
As the first African-American woman to win the Nobel Prize for Literature, Toni Morrison was a literary giant. Her novels, like “Beloved,” explore themes of racial identity, gender, and American history. Being both influential and controversial, Morrison’s work has sparked dialogues about race and social issues. Her writings have permanently changed the landscape of American culture.
Learn More: New Yorker
59. Margaret Sanger
Margaret Sanger was a pioneer in the fight for birth control and women’s reproductive rights. She founded what would become Planned Parenthood, influencing public policy and attitudes toward women’s health. Although controversial, Sanger’s work led to the legalization of contraception and significantly impacted women’s health care. Her activism sparked a revolution for women, by women.
Learn More: Women’s History
60. Valentina Tereshkova
Valentina Tereshkova shattered earthbound ceilings by becoming the first woman to travel to space. Her 1963 flight was a milestone in both human spaceflight and gender equality. She later became a prominent politician and advocate for women in science. Tereshkova’s story is an inspiration for young women interested in STEM. One small step for man, one giant leap for women!
Learn More: IMBd
61. J.K. Rowling
British author J.K. Rowling created the “Harry Potter” series, which became a global phenomenon, selling over 500 million copies worldwide. This accomplishment makes her one of the best-selling authors ever! Beyond her literary success, Rowling is known for her philanthropy and social commentary. Her influential work has inspired many young people, both in literature and humanitarianism.
Learn More: J.K. Rowling
62. Catherine the Great
Catherine the Great was one of the most powerful women in history, ruling as the Empress of Russia from 1762 until her death in 1796. Under her rule, Russia expanded its territories and modernized along Western European lines. Known for her intelligence and political awareness, Catherine corresponded with many of the great thinkers of her day. Although serfdom expanded under her reign, she is still thought to be very successful.
Learn More: National Geographic
63. Grace Hopper
A computer science pioneer, Grace Hopper was instrumental in developing early programming languages. Known for her wit and teaching abilities, she was a leading figure in bringing computers into the business mainstream. Hopper also coined the term “debugging” after removing an actual moth from a computer. Her legacy continues to inspire women in STEM fields.
Learn More: History Navy Mil
64. Katharine Hepburn
A four-time Academy Award winner, Katharine Hepburn was a leading lady in Hollywood for more than 60 years. Known for her fierce independence and progressive politics, she broke the mold for American actresses. Katharine’s unconventional lifestyle and her long, secret relationship with Spencer Tracy captivated the public. Today, she is still seen as a symbol of liberated womanhood.
Learn More: TCM
65. Rachel Carson
An American marine biologist, Rachel Carson’s “Silent Spring” triggered the modern environmental movement. The book highlighted the dangers of pesticide use, particularly DDT, leading to policy changes. Carson faced heavy opposition from the chemical industry but held her ground. Her work paved the way for the creation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Learn More: Rachel Carson
66. Gloria Steinem
As a prominent writer and political activist, Gloria Steinem became a symbol of the feminist movement during the 1960s and beyond. She co-founded Ms. Magazine, one of the first magazines to focus on women’s issues. Her activism spans across gender equality, civil rights, and other social justice issues. Although she is in her 80s, Steinem continues to write and campaign today.
Learn More: JWA
67. Aung San Suu Kyi
Once celebrated as a champion of human rights, Aung San Suu Kyi won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991. She led Myanmar’s opposition to military rule and spent nearly 15 years under house arrest. However, her international reputation diminished due to her handling of the Rohingya crisis. Her accomplishments now bring on mixed feelings for many.
Learn More: New Yorker
68. Marie Stopes
A pioneering figure in the field of family planning and contraception, Marie Stopes changed the way society views sex and women’s health. She opened the first birth control clinic in Britain and was a strong advocate for women’s reproductive rights. Stopes also studied paleobotany- an interesting addition to her skill set. She was a complex figure, admired for her contributions but also criticized for her eugenic views.
Learn More: WFPP
69. Dian Fossey
Best known for her study of mountain gorillas, Dian Fossey revolutionized primatology and conservation. She was among the first to conduct direct observation studies of gorillas, challenging previous mischaracterizations. Her book “Gorillas in the Mist” increased public awareness of the risks faced by these animals. Tragically, her noble life was cut short in an unsolved murder.
Learn More: Britannica
70. Chien-Shiung Wu
Known as “The First Lady of Physics”, Chien-Shiung Wu was a Chinese-American experimental physicist who made significant contributions to the field of nuclear physics. She worked on the Manhattan Project, specifically on the process of separating uranium. Wu may be best known for conducting experiments that helped disprove the law of conservation of parity. Although she was a woman, Wu was highly regarded by members of the scientific community throughout her career.
Learn More: Biography
71. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf was the first elected female head of state in Africa, serving as President of Liberia. In 2011, she won the Nobel Peace Prize for her efforts to further women’s rights. Although Johnson Sirleaf faced criticism for not doing enough to alleviate poverty, she did implement measures aimed at curbing corruption. Her leadership helped to bring stability after years of civil war.
Learn More: Global Citizen
72. Agatha Christie
Known for her detective novels featuring characters like Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple, Agatha Christie was an English writer. According to the Guinness World Records, she is the best-selling novelist of all time. Her works have been translated into multiple languages and have inspired numerous adaptations. Despite her fame, Christie remained a very private person throughout her life; leaving this facet of her life as mysterious as her novels.
Learn More: Rotten Tomatoes
73. Patsy Mink
Patsy Mink was the first Asian American woman in Congress. She penned the Title IX Amendment, altering the educational landscape for women. To add to her list of accomplishments, she served 12 consecutive terms. Talk about girl power!
Learn More: Manoa Hawaii
74. Coretta Scott King
Coretta Scott King took up the baton from her late husband, MLK, becoming an emblematic figure in civil rights and social justice. What’s more, she championed LGBTQ+ rights. Through her King Center, she institutionalized the struggle for equality. Coretta Scott King was not just the woman behind a great man; she was a great woman in her own right.
Learn More: The New York Times
75. Temple Grandin
An autism spokesperson, Temple Grandin is an American animal behaviorist and one of the first individuals on the autism spectrum to publicly share her experiences. She revolutionized livestock handling facilities, making them more humane and prompting filmmakers to craft an award-winning HBO film based on her life story.
Learn More: Source Colostate
76. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is a Nigerian writer known for novels like “Half of a Yellow Sun” and “Americanah.” She’s a recipient of the MacArthur Genius Grant and is also known for her TED talk “We Should All Be Feminists”, which was later published as a book. Adichie is a strong advocate for gender equality and social justice.
Learn More: Chimamanda
77. Eva Perón
Eva Perón was the First Lady of Argentina and an immensely popular political leader. Known affectionately as “Evita,” she will always be remembered in the musical given that same name. Perón worked to improve the lives of the poor and was a symbol of hope for many Argentinians. Her life was tragically short, but it left a lasting impact on her country.
Learn More: Archives of Women’s Political Communication
78. Mary Anning
An English fossil collector and paleontologist, Mary Anning made significant contributions to the understanding of prehistoric life. Despite having no formal education, her discoveries, including the first full Ichthyosaurus skeleton, were groundbreaking. She faced considerable gender discrimination but eventually earned the respect of the scientific community. Anning’s life inspired the tongue twister “She sells sea shells by the sea shore”. What a way to be remembered!
Learn More: National Geographic
79. Anne Sullivan
Anne Sullivan was an American teacher best known for being the instructor and friend of Helen Keller. Sullivan herself was visually impaired and understood the challenges of disability. Using innovative teaching methods, she successfully opened up the world of communication for Keller, who was blind and deaf. Their story is immortalized in the play “The Miracle Worker.”
Learn More: The American Foundation for the Blind
80. Jeannette Rankin
The first woman to hold federal office in the United States, Jeannette Rankin, was elected to Congress in 1916. This was before women even had the right to vote nationally! A pacifist, she was the only member of Congress to vote against U.S. entry into both World War I and World War II. Her political career was controversial but groundbreaking. Despite the passing of a century, Rankin remains a symbol of peace activism and women’s suffrage.
Learn More: NPS
81. Dorothy Hodgkin
An expert crystallographer, Dorothy Hodgkin decoded vitamin B12 and penicillin using x-rays. Despite saving lives and winning a Nobel Prize in Chemistry, her career was plagued with gender-based obstacles. Hodgkin’s gentle demeanor was not a reflection of a lack of intelligence or determination. In her own way of quiet resistance, she created a well-accomplished life.
Learn More: The National WWII Museum
82. Margaret Atwood
Margaret Atwood’s prose hits like a sledgehammer. Her famous work, “The Handmaid’s Tale”, forces us to confront bleak futures if we neglect the present. A Booker Prize winner, she’s a literary champion. But Atwood is more than just a writer; she’s a cautionary advisor.
Learn More: British Council Literature
83. Gertrude Stein
In Gertrude Stein’s world, language disintegrates and reassembles in strange, beautiful patterns. Picasso, Hemingway, and Fitzgerald were regulars at her Parisian salon, an incubator for modernist thought. Stein’s focus on creation and curation in her life solidified her spot as a great writer and collector.
Learn More: Poetry Foundation
84. Queen Isabella I of Castile
Queen Isabella I of Castile was a powerful Catholic monarch who, along with her husband Ferdinand II of Aragon, united Spain and sponsored Christopher Columbus’s voyages to the New World. Their reign included the completion of the Reconquista, the Inquisition, and the expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain. Her leadership also led to the colonization and conversion of native populations in America. Queen Isabella I was a highly effective ruler, but her reign had complex consequences.
Learn More: On This Day
85. Alice Walker
An American author and activist, Alice, best known for her novel “The Color Purple” won her the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award. Her work focuses on the issues of race, gender, and the complexities of African-American culture. She is also known for recovering the work of writer Zora Neale Hurston. Walker remains an influential voice in contemporary literature and activism.
Learn More: HarperCollins Publishers
86. Sally Hemings
Sally Hemings, was an enslaved woman owned by Thomas Jefferson. Several of her children are thought to have been fathered by him. Although she never gained her freedom, her children were freed after Jefferson’s death. Hemings’ story has been the subject of significant research, debate, and artistic interpretation, sparking discussions about race, slavery, and the complexities of American history.
Learn More: Constitutional Law Reporter
87. Betty Friedan
A homemaker discontented, Betty Friedan put her restlessness to paper and birthed “The Feminine Mystique”. That tome shook up households across America. A co-founder of the National Organization for Women, Friedan reset the agenda for gender equality. And just like that, the second wave of feminism was born.
Learn More: History
88. Eleanor of Aquitaine
Queen of France, then England, and mother to two kings, Eleanor of Aquitaine wielded immense political clout. Her life reads like high drama—a woman continually carving out her path in a man’s world. From medieval courts to modern literature, Eleanor was a queen in more ways than one!
Learn More: JSTOR Daily
89. Jane Addams
If you’re seeking the American Dream, social worker Jane Addams turned it into a reality for many. Hull House wasn’t just a settlement house; it was a beacon of hope. The Nobel Peace Prize was just a well-deserved bonus. She was America’s conscience; urging society to always be better.
Learn More: Women & the American Story
90. Marsha P. Johnson
Call her an activist, a trailblazer, or a queen—Marsha P. Johnson was all these things. From Stonewall to the formation of the Gay Liberation Front, she was there, leading. Her life was a tapestry of courage, activism, and tragedy. An icon in stilettos, she continues to inspire women of all kinds.
Learn More: BBC
91. Barbara McClintock
An accomplished scientist, Barbara McClintock peered into the microscope and saw what others couldn’t: transposons, or “jumping genes”. Winning a Nobel Prize validated her discovery, but her genius needed no stamp of approval. Because of McClintock’s work revolutionizing genetics, the world of science never looked the same again.
Learn More: Nobel Prize
92. Mary Edwards Walker
Mary Edwards Walker was an American surgeon and feminist who served during the Civil War. She remains the only woman to have ever received the Medal of Honor. Initially a volunteer nurse, Walker later became a contract surgeon for the Union Army, despite considerable prejudice. After the war, she became a writer and lecturer, focusing on issues like health care, women’s rights, and dress reform. Walker’s accomplishments have undoubtedly cemented her place among the noteworthy women of the world.
Learn More: Holloman Air Force Base
93. Junko Tabei
A Japanese mountaineer, Junko Tabei became the first woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest. She later became the first woman to complete the Seven Summits, climbing the highest peak on each continent. Despite facing gender discrimination and financial constraints, Tabei achieved her goals and inspired countless others. Her legacy continues to influence women in the mountaineering community and beyond.
Learn More: NPR
94. Hypatia of Alexandria
Hypatia was a philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician in 4th-century Alexandria. She was one of the first women to study and teach mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy. Despite being murdered by a Christian mob, her work had a lasting influence on later scholars. Today, Hypatia remains a prominent icon for women in science.
Learn More: World History Encyclopedia
95. Emmy Noether
A German mathematician, Emmy Noether made groundbreaking contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics. Despite facing sexism and anti-Semitism, her work has had a lasting impact. Perhaps her most well-known accomplishment is Noether’s Theorem, which guided the development of modern physics. Noether was described by Einstein as the most important woman in the history of mathematics; a proclamation not taken lightly. She remains an excellent role model for women in STEM fields.
Learn More: New Scientist
96. Gauri Ma
Gauri Ma was an Indian religious leader and disciple of Ramakrishna. She founded the Saradeshwari Ashram, an organization aimed at the upliftment of women, and her work is considered seminal in the context of women’s spirituality and education in India. Ma spread the teachings of Vedanta and worked against the social evils of her time.
Learn More: Belur Math
97. Annie Oakley
Annie Oakley was an American sharpshooter and exhibition shooter. Her talent made her a star in Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show. Although she presented the U.S. Army with an offer to provide women for the army, this offer was not accepted. Oakley remains an American cultural icon.
Learn More: PBS
98. Maria Montessori
Maria Montessori was an Italian physician and educator best known for the philosophy of education that bears her name. She focused on child-led learning and the importance of adapting the environment to the child. Her educational methods are used today in a number of public and private schools throughout the world.
Learn More: Montessori Australia
99. Christine de Pizan
A medieval writer, Christine de Pizan is considered to be the first feminist philosopher. She challenged the male-dominated intellectual orthodoxy of her time and wrote on a variety of subjects. Her best-known work is “The Book of the City of Ladies”, a defense of women. Many of Pizan’s views are still discussed today.
Learn More: Literary Theory and Criticism
100. Margaret Mead
Margaret Mead was an American anthropologist known for her studies and cultural writings. Her work is often cited in discussions about culture and gender roles. Coming of Age in Samoa, Mead’s best-known book, focused on the sexual freedom of adolescents in the South Pacific. Mead provided a unique perspective in an area of study that was, and still is, evolving.
Learn More: Biography
101. Qiu Jin
Qiu Jin was a Chinese feminist, revolutionary, and writer. Her efforts to abolish the traditional foot-binding of Chinese women and promote women’s rights in early 20th-century China were revolutionary. Jin was executed for her involvement in a failed uprising against the Qing Dynasty, but she is considered a national heroine.
Learn More: The New York Times
102. Josephine Baker
Clad in her iconic banana skirt, Josephine Baker twirled into the hearts of her audience. As an American-born French entertainer, she broke racial barriers both on and off the stage. During WWII, Baker’s talents were not limited to entertainment; she was an active member of the French Resistance. If that wasn’t enough, civil rights activism was also part of her diverse portfolio. Awards like the Croix de Guerre bear a testament to her valor and multifaceted life.
Learn More: CMG Worldwide
103. Alice Paul
Born into a Quaker family, Alice Paul internalized a strong sense of justice and equality early on. She played a major role in the push for the 19th Amendment, which granted American women the right to vote. Not stopping there, Paul authored the Equal Rights Amendment, though it was never ratified. Her life was a ceaseless campaign for gender equality, utilizing protests and hunger strikes to make her point. Paul’s activism changed the American political landscape in a way that’s still felt today.
Learn More: PBS
104. Mary Seacole
Mary Seacole was a force of compassion and courage during the Crimean War. Of Jamaican and Scottish descent, she was a nurse and businesswoman who blended traditional and modern medical practices. Seacole personally financed her trip to Crimea to aid wounded soldiers, setting up the “British Hotel” to provide medical services. Her sacrifices and skills earned her the admiration of military personnel and the public alike. In 2004, she was posthumously awarded the Jamaican Order of Merit.
Learn More: BBC
105. Sappho
One of the earliest recorded female writers, Sappho pioneered a new poetic style in ancient Greece. Her lyric poetry explored intimacy and desire from a woman’s perspective. Though little of her work survived, her innovations and expressions influenced literature for generations. Sappho gave women a voice in a male-dominated world.
Learn More: World History Encyclopedia
106. Margaret Hamilton
Margaret Hamilton pioneered software engineering at NASA and led the team that created flight software for the Apollo missions. Her work enabled astronauts to navigate to the moon – one of humanity’s greatest achievements. Hamilton is credited with coining the term “software engineering” and broke new ground in technology.
Learn More: Smithsonian Magazine
107. Queen Liliuokalani
Queen Liliuokalani was the last sovereign monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii before it was annexed. She came to power while American influence was growing and made efforts to limit encroachment. Though ultimately unsuccessful, Liliuokalani’s dignity and advocacy left a lasting legacy for native Hawaiians.
Learn More: National Park Service
108. Mae Jemison
The first African American woman to travel to space, Mae Jemison joined NASA’s Space Shuttle Endeavour crew in 1992. An engineer, physician and Peace Corps member, her career has been defined by scientific contributions and a commitment to social justice. Through her story of success, Jemison inspires women and minorities to pursue science.
Learn More: National Air and Space Museum
109. Marie Van Brittan Brown
Marie Van Brittan Brown was the inventor of an early security system pre-dating modern technology. Patenting a closed-circuit television system in 1969, her innovation improved home safety. Brown overcame prejudice as an African American inventor, and her ingenuity led to important technological advancements. Exemplifying perseverance in the face of obstacles, she is an inspiration to all.
Learn More: Cove Security
110. Wilma Mankiller
Serving as the first female Chief of the Cherokee Nation for 10 years, Wilma Mankiller championed Indigenous rights, health, education, and land management. Committed to community development and spiritual values, she empowered her people and created a more just world. Mankiller exemplified strength and compassionate leadership- making her an extraordinary role model for all leaders.
Learn More: OK History
111. Annie Londonderry
In 1894, Annie Londonderry gained fame as the first woman to bicycle around the world. Her epic journey challenged Victorian propriety and demonstrated women’s endurance. Londonderry’s adventurous spirit took her across continents and redefined gender roles. She inspired women to be bold and break boundaries in all areas of life.
Learn More: WRHS
112. Laura Ingalls Wilder
Laura Ingalls Wilder authored the autobiographical “Little House” children’s books based on her 19th-century frontier childhood. Loved worldwide for generations, her books offer a window into the American pioneer experience. Wilder’s work celebrates courage, self-reliance, and simplicity.
Learn More: PBS
113. Grace O’Malley
16th-century Irish clan leader Grace O’Malley commanded ships and men. She governed territories, led rebellions, and controlled trade – mighty achievements for a woman of her era. Meeting with England’s Queen Elizabeth I, O’Malley secured the return of confiscated lands. Even today, her defiance of convention continues to inspire many.
Learn More: Lottie
114. Florence Bascom
Florence Bascom broke barriers by becoming the first woman hired by the U.S. Geological Survey. She made key contributions to the new science of geology as one of the first female geologists. Bascom also advocated for women geologists and challenged constraints that she felt limited her abilities. Her brilliance and determination opened doors for women in the field of science.
Learn More: Scientific Women
115. Amy Johnson
Pioneering English aviator Amy Johnson made the first solo female flight to Australia in 1930. Setting long-distance records, she pushed the boundaries for women pilots. Tragically, Johnson died during a flight mission in WWII while transporting planes. She demonstrated courage and achievement in aviation- becoming a warrior for female aviators everywhere.
Learn More: This Day In Aviation
116. Ella Baker
Unsung civil rights leader, Ella Baker empowered activists, students, and poor Black communities to fight injustice. Behind the scenes, she organized grassroots movements to fight for her cause. Baker’s vision focused on empowering marginalized voices and challenging hierarchies. She left a profound legacy of activism still highly respected today.
Learn More: Time
117. Lydia Pinkham
Lydia Pinkham developed an extremely successful patented herbal remedy for “female complaints” in the 1800s. She ran a company led primarily by women and fueled by the clever marketing of her Pinkham’s Compound. Though controversial, she empowered women in business and medicine through her ventures.
Learn More: Museum of Healthcare
118. Annie Smith Peck
Adventurer Annie Smith Peck was a mountaineer who scaled peaks and advocated for women’s rights. She was one of the first women to summit Peru’s highest mountain, Huascarán in 1908. Peck climbed well into old age, setting records and publicizing the achievements of women.
Learn More: Brown Daily Herald
119. Phillis Wheatley
Although she was captured into slavery as a child, Phillis Wheatley was the first published African-American woman poet. Despite her circumstances, she learned to read and write, composing captivating poems. Her works received acclaim, challenging prejudice. Wheatley demonstrated that education and artistry could cross boundaries of race and gender, becoming an inspiration to all poets.
Learn More: AAIHS
120. Annie Jump Cannon
In addition to developing a stellar classification system that became the standard, astronomer Annie Jump Cannon laid the foundation for the modern understanding of stellar evolution. At the Harvard Observatory, she cataloged over 225,000 stars. Cannon demonstrated that women can achieve at the highest levels of science- encouraging girls with an interest in STEM to pursue their passions.
Learn More: American Philosophical Society
121. Henrietta Swan Leavitt
While studying as an astronomer at Harvard, Henrietta Swan Leavitt’s discoveries about variable stars created a way to measure cosmic distances and the expansion of the universe. Her work was essential to grasping the full scale of space. Leavitt was an unsung heroine of 20th-century astronomy- becoming an exemplar for women in science.
Learn More: Space
122. Sybil Ludington
Like Paul Revere, Sybil Ludington rode through the night to warn American colonial forces that the British were attacking in 1777. Only 16 years old, she galloped twice the distance of Revere’s journey. Her courageous ride through the New York countryside rallied Patriot fighters. Ludington demonstrated astonishing bravery for the Revolutionary cause in an inspiring example of determination.
Learn More: The Founders Club
123. Ella Fitzgerald
The legendary “First Lady of Song”, Ella Fitzgerald became one of the most beloved jazz singers of all time. Her pure tone, vocal range, and scat singing ability made her an innovator of vocal jazz. Fitzgerald’s joyful music and extraordinary talent earned her well-deserved global praise and recognition.
Learn More: Entertainment Weekly
124. Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz
Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz was a 17th-century Mexican writer, philosopher, composer, and nun. A child prodigy and a self-taught scholar, she was one of the most prominent authors of her era in the Americas. De la Cruz was a pioneer of early feminism and remains a cultural icon in Mexico.
Learn More: Cervantes Observatorio
Purim Activities For Preschool: Snacks, Crafts, Stories, And Resources